西门子供应6ES7231-4HF32-0XB0

6ES7231-4HF32-0XB0

永磁同步电机利用磁场产生转矩，那自然离不开磁材料。根据磁材料对在磁场中的反应，一般分为顺磁性、抗磁性、反铁磁性、铁磁性以及亚铁磁性。对永磁同步电机来说，这个磁性材料指的是铁磁性以及亚铁磁性材料，因为这两种磁性材料对外磁场反应强烈，始于强磁性材料。

强磁性材料包括了永磁材料、软磁材料以及功能性磁性材料。永磁的特性在于一经磁化，很难退磁，而软磁也容易磁化，但是磁化后容易退磁。对于永磁同步电机来说，其中用得较多就是永磁材料和软磁材料。永磁材料作为磁源，提供磁动势，就像电路中的电动势，软磁材料磁导率高，作为导磁材料，起传导磁力线的作用。

永磁材料目前的划分有三大类，金属永磁、铁氧体永磁和稀土永磁，软磁材料则有铁氧体软磁、金属粉芯、金属软磁和非晶纳米晶等。两种磁材料的不同的特征在于矫顽力不同。矫顽力的定义为使已磁化的磁材无法向外磁路提供能量（但磁体内部仍具有能量）而施加的、与原磁化方向相反的外磁场强度，单位为Oe或A/m。简单一点理解就是矫顽力越高，材料越不容易退磁。永磁材料的目标是不断追求更高的矫顽力，强化不退磁能力，软磁则开始降低矫顽力，追求更高的磁导率。

软磁可以起到电能参数变换，提高磁性元件效率并节省空间的作用，目前作为各类电机、变压器、继电器、电感器、滤波器等元器件的磁芯应用在新能源汽车、机器人、光伏等诸多领域。

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