西门子6ES7314-6BH04-0AB0

6ES7314-6BH04-0AB0

要使电动汽车有较好的使用性能,驱动电机应具有较宽的调速范围、较高的转速、足够大的起动扭矩,以及体积小、重量轻、效率高,并具有强动态制动和能量回馈等特性。 目前,电动汽车用电动机主要有异步电动机(IM)、永磁无刷电动机(PMBLM)和开关磁阻电动机(SRM)、横向磁场电机(TFPM)等四类。 各种电机有各自的优缺点，以下就分别作以比较：

1、异步电动机

结构简单、坚固、成本低廉、运行可靠，转矩脉动小，噪声低，不需要位置传感器，转速极限高； 缺点是驱动电路复杂，成本高，相对永磁电机而言，异步电机效率和功率密度偏低。

2、永磁无刷电动机

永磁同步电动机具有效率和转矩密度高、转矩平稳及低振动噪声等特点，成为电动汽车电控部件的理想选择。 永磁轮毂电机驱动可以灵活地布置于电动车辆的前轮和后轮，甚至于直接驱动轮毂旋转。 已在国内外多种电动车辆中获得应用。

3、开关磁阻电动机

开关磁阻电机具有简单可靠、可在较宽转速和转矩范围内运行、可四象限运行、响应速度快和成本较低等优点。 但其缺点也很多：转矩存在较大波动，振动大，噪声大； 系统非线性，建模困难，控制成本高； 功率密度低等。

4、横向磁场电机

与其他电机相比，横向磁场电机的优点十分突出：实现了电路和磁路解耦，设计自由度大大提高； 高转矩密度，且特别适合应用于要求低速、大转矩等场合； 绕组形式简单，不存在传统电机的端部，绕组利用率高； 各相间相互独立； 效率高； 控制电路与永磁无刷电动机相同，可控性好等。 但其也存在不少缺点：永磁体数目多，用量大； 结构较为复杂，工艺要求高，电机成本高； 漏磁严重； 功率因素低; 自定位转矩较大等。

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