施耐德产品BMEP584020

BMEP584020

氩气比较便宜，密度较大，所以保护效果较好。但它易受高温金属等离子体电离，结果屏蔽了部分光束射向工件，减少了焊接的有效激光功率，也损害焊接速度与熔深。使用氩气保护的焊件表面要比使用氦气保护时来得光滑。

氮气作为保护气体便宜，但对某些类型不锈钢焊接时并不适用，主要是由于冶金学方面问题，如吸收，有时会在搭接区产生气孔。

使用保护气体的第二个作用是保护聚焦透镜免受金属蒸气污染和液体熔滴的溅射。特别在高功率激光焊接时，由于其喷出物变得非常有力，此时保护透镜则更为必要。

保护气体的第三个作用是对驱散高功率激光焊接产生的等离子屏蔽很有效。金属蒸气吸收激光束电离成等离子云，金属蒸气周围的保护气体也会因受热而电离。如果等离子体存在过多，激光束在某种程度上被等离子体消耗。等离子体作为第二种能量存在于工作表面，使得熔深变浅、焊接熔池表面变宽。通过增加电子与离子和中性原子三体碰撞来增加电子的复合速率，以降低等离子体中的电子密度。中性原子越轻，碰撞频率越高，复合速率越高；另一方面，只有电离能高的保护气体，才不致因气体本身的电离而增加电子密度。

等离子体云尺寸与采用的保护气体不同而变化，氦气小，氮气次之，使用氩气时大。等离子体尺寸越大，熔深则越浅。造成这种差别的原因首先由于气体分子的电离程度不同，另外也由于保护气体不同密度引起金属蒸气扩散差别。

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